Constipation is a common problem in cats, particularly as they age. It occurs when stool becomes dry, firm, and difficult to pass. If left untreated, constipation can progress to obstipation (severe constipation), leading to decreased appetite, vomiting, severe discomfort, and, in advanced cases, the need for hospitalization, enemas, or manual stool removal under anesthesia.
Common Signs and Symptoms
- Straining to defecate or prolonged time in the litter box.
- Passing small amounts of hard or dry stool.
- Infrequent bowel movements.
- Vocalizing while defecating or having accidents outside the litter box.
- Decreased appetite, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and blood in the stool.
Common Causes
- Dehydration and aging.
- Stress, reduced exercise, and hairballs.
- Slow intestinal motility or primary colon disorders such as megacolon.
- Underlying systemic issues like kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Physical obstructions from previous pelvic fractures, spinal cord disease, rectal abnormalities, tumors, infections, or prostate disease.
Recommended Diagnostics
A full physical examination and abdominal palpation are the first steps. Further recommended testing includes fecal testing, comprehensive blood work (CBC, chemistry panel, T4), urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs (X-rays). Additional diagnostics may be recommended depending on the severity and recurrence of the issue (E.g., Abdominal ultrasound, internal medicine consultation).
Treatment and Prognosis
Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause and the severity of the constipation. Options may include increasing water intake, prescription diets (Royal Canin® Gastrointestinal Fiber Response®)
, stool softeners, laxatives (lactulose, Miralax), motility medications (cisapride), and enemas. We also treat any identified underlying systemic diseases. Severe cases may require hospitalization, IV fluids, manual stool removal under anesthesia, or, rarely, surgery.
Most cats respond very well when constipation is identified and treated early. Chronic or severe cases may require lifelong management, especially if a condition like megacolon develops.
Home Monitoring and Prevention
To help prevent recurrence, encourage water consumption, feed regular meals, maintain a clean litter box, encourage exercise, and groom your cat regularly to reduce hairballs. Monitor their stool frequency and consistency, appetite, and any signs of vomiting. Contact the clinic immediately if your cat is straining without producing stool, vomiting, or showing a decreased appetite.
This blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide diagnostic or treatment guidance. If you have any concerns about your pet’s health, please contact Cascade Heights Veterinary Center directly by phone at 206-403-1108, email, or by scheduling an appointment. Medications, supplements, and prescription diets can be conveniently ordered through our online pharmacy.