Introduction

Ear issues in cats are a frequent source of discomfort and can lead to more serious complications if left unaddressed. The external ear canal is particularly susceptible to various conditions, the most common of which are infections, hematomas, and ear mites. Prompt identification and appropriate care are essential for keeping your cat comfortable and preventing long-term damage.

Ear Infection (Otitis Externa)

Ear infections most commonly affect the external ear canal. The primary culprits are bacteria and yeast, though excessive wax, foreign material, tumors, or underlying allergies can also contribute.

  • Signs: Watch for head shaking, ear scratching, redness, foul odor, ear debris, and sensitivity or pain when the ears are touched. In severe cases, you may notice a head tilt, ear discharge, or balance abnormalities.
  • Diagnosis: An ear examination and ear cytology (microscopic evaluation of ear debris) are recommended to accurately identify bacteria, yeast, or mites and to guide the selection of appropriate treatment.
  • Treatment: Therapy depends on the severity and whether the eardrum remains intact.
  • Simple Infections: Generally require topical antibiotic, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory medications for 7-10 days, often with routine ear cleaning.
  • Complex Infections: May necessitate a combination of topical and oral medications for 10-30 days. Alternative medications and plans are required if the eardrum is ruptured.
  • Prognosis: Most ear infections resolve completely with appropriate therapy. However, chronic or recurrent infections often signal an underlying condition that requires long-term attention.
  • Management: Monitor closely for any continued head shaking, scratching, odor, or discharge. Administer medications exactly as prescribed for the full course. For long-term prevention, routine ear cleaning every couple of weeks is highly beneficial. Epiotic® Advanced Ear Cleaner is a commonly recommended ear cleaner. Patients with chronic ear disease often require management of underlying allergies, which may include steroids, cyclosporine, or other allergy therapies.

Ear Hematoma

An ear hematoma is a painful accumulation of blood between the skin and the cartilage of the ear flap (pinna). This typically occurs after repeated head shaking or scratching, usually secondary to an underlying ear infection, allergies, or other irritation.

  • Signs: Look for a swollen, thickened, or fluid-filled ear flap. This is usually accompanied by head shaking, scratching, ear pain, and concurrent signs of an ear infection, such as redness or discharge.
  • Diagnosis: A thorough ear examination, ear cytology to check for underlying infection, and an evaluation for chronic allergies or other causes of chronic ear irritation.
  • Treatment: Addressing the underlying ear disease is just as critical as treating the hematoma itself. Treatment options for the hematoma include:
  • Needle/Catheter Drainage: A butterfly catheter can be placed to drain accumulated blood, with local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory medication. Using a head wrap can improve success, though recurrence is common.
  • Surgical Repair: Considered the most effective option. Sutures are placed through the ear flap to reattach the skin to the underlying cartilage, minimizing recurrence and promoting complete healing.
  • Prognosis: Generally good with treatment, though some permanent cosmetic thickening of the ear may occur. If left untreated, hematomas frequently result in severe scarring and a permanent “cauliflower ear” deformity.
  • Management: Prevent self-trauma (an E-collar may be recommended) and administer all prescribed medications. Monitor for recurrent swelling or discomfort, and ensure follow-up examinations to confirm both the hematoma and the underlying ear disease are fully resolving.

Ear Mites (Otodectes cynotis)

Ear mites are tiny, highly contagious parasites that live within the ear canals. Cats are the most common host, and the mites are easily transmitted between pets living in the same household. Secondary bacterial or yeast infections frequently develop alongside the mite infestations.

  • Signs: The hallmark signs are excessive scratching, head shaking, and dark brown or black “coffee grounds” debris in the ears. Ear odor, redness, and occasionally skin irritation around the face and neck may also occur.
  • Diagnosis: An ear examination and microscopic evaluation of ear debris (cytology) are required to identify mites and assess for secondary infections.
  • Treatment: Prescription parasite-control medications such as Revolution Plus® directly eliminate ear mites and are highly recommended over less effective over-the-counter options. A standard treatment plan includes applying this topical preventative once monthly for three consecutive months. Additional medications such as Tresaderm® may be prescribed to address severe inflammation or secondary infections. Gently cleaning the ears as directed and treating all pets in the household is absolutely essential to prevent reinfection.
  • Prognosis: Excellent with the right treatment. Most cats respond very quickly, though the full treatment course must be completed for total elimination.
  • Management: Monitor for continued scratching or debris. It is vital to adhere strictly to the treatment plan and complete the entire course, even if symptoms seem to vanish quickly. Contact your veterinarian if symptoms persist or worsen.

This blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide diagnostic or treatment guidance. If you have any concerns about your pet’s health, please contact Cascade Heights Veterinary Center directly by phone at 206-403-1108,  email, or by scheduling an appointment.  Medications, supplements, and prescription diets can be conveniently ordered through our online pharmacy.